Hamilton-Veale Contrast Sensitivity Test(Background Notes)Introduction. We are all familiar with visual acuity. This measures a visual threshold by keeping the contrast of an object high and constant, whilst varying the spatial separation. An alternative method to measure a visual threshold is to use a contrast sensitivity test, which varies contrast than spatial separation. Test development. The Pelli-Robinson Chart was developed in 1988, and is accepted as the clinical "gold standard" for measuring contrast sensitivity. It is based on evidence that the peak contrast sensitivity, which it measures, is the most important single feature of the contrast sensitivity function for predicting performance in everyday tasks (such as reading and mobility). The contrast sensitivity function is then especially useful when it is used in conjunction with the cut off frequency of visual acuity. Why measure contrast sensitivity? The visual acuity of a patient may be normal, but there may be a lowered contrast sensitivity function at low and intermediate spatial frequencies. Conditions most affecting contrast sensitivity:
The test as a clinical tool The Hamilton-Veale test can be used to monitor a decrease in the contrast sensitivity function over time. Often, even though a patient is provided with the best possible refraction, they complain they are not seeing clearly. This test can be used to reiterate the need for more task lighting when reading or performing close tasks. Elderly will often comment on the difficulty seeing in poor light or at night. The test may explain this difficulty, due to a loss of contrast sensitivity function. Rule of thumb Those that can not see to: Chart maintenance To clean the chart, wipe gently with a soft cloth soaked in warm soapy water. Authors Note This test has developed over the course of three years. I sincerely hope it gets used regularly. Any correspondence or comments are welcomed.
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